Complications of epidural needles

Clinical complications of epidural anesthesia include intraoperative complications and postoperative complications. Among them, intraoperative complications include the following: 1. Total spinal anesthesia, which is the most serious complication of epidural anesthesia. If it is not treated in time and effectively, it can lead to cardiac arrest; 2. Toxicity of local anesthetics , mainly due to the direct injection of local anesthetic into the blood vessels, or the one-time drug dosage exceeds the limit; 3. The blood pressure drops, mainly because the sympathetic nerve is blocked and the resistance blood vessels and volume blood vessels are dilated, resulting in a drop in blood pressure; 4. Respiratory depression, epidural anesthesia can affect the movement of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm, resulting in decreased respiratory reserve; 5. Nausea and vomiting. The postoperative complications of epidural anesthesia are generally less than that of spinal anesthesia. A small number of patients may experience low back pain or temporary urinary retention, but they are generally not serious. Severe neurological complications, even paraplegia, may also occur, caused by injury, hematoma, infection, and spinal cord vascular disease. For these complications, prevention should be the priority. Common clinical symptoms are as follows: 1. Nerve injury; 2. Epidural hematoma; 3. Anterior spinal artery syndrome; 4. Epidural abscess; 5. Difficulty or fracture of catheter removal.

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